In the present era, sustainable development and green technologies have emerged as two main pillars in economic and environmental policymaking. Given the increasing environmental challenges such as air pollution, climate change, and the depletion of natural resources, the necessity to focus on green technologies and sustainable strategies for preserving the environment and improving the quality of human life has become more pronounced. This research examines and develops sustainable and flexible strategies in green technology in Iran, aiming to identify and prioritize key indicators of green technologies to propose solutions for improving the environmental and economic status of the country.

The methodology of this research is based on a combined and systematic approach aimed at identifying and prioritizing key indicators of green technologies. This approach allows us to comprehensively and accurately analyze issues related to green technologies and sustainable development. In the first phase, a comprehensive review of the existing literature on green technologies and sustainable development was conducted. This review included an examination of scientific articles, international reports, and documents related to the challenges and opportunities in this field. The objective of this phase was to gain a deeper understanding of the current status of green technologies, global trends, and the specific needs of Iran. This review helped identify the strengths and weaknesses of existing policies and strategies and laid the groundwork for identifying key indicators for the research.

After completing the literature review, the next phase involved gathering the opinions and experiences of experts in this field. For this purpose, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed. This method was chosen due to its ability to manage uncertainty and ambiguity in data, especially regarding environmental issues. In this method, a group of experienced experts in green technologies and sustainable development was selected, and they were asked to provide their opinions on the key indicators of green technologies. During this phase, a questionnaire was designed that included both open and closed questions. Open questions allowed experts to express their opinions and suggestions freely, while closed questions facilitated the collection of quantitative and comparative data. After collecting the opinions, the final indicators were identified and prioritized using statistical techniques and data analysis.

Once the indicators were finalized, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was used to weight and rank these indicators. This method enables us to evaluate and compare the indicators both quantitatively and qualitatively, ultimately providing an accurate prioritization of the key indicators of green technologies. In this stage, experts were asked to determine the relative importance of each indicator compared to one another. This evaluation was conducted in a fuzzy manner to provide greater flexibility in data analysis and to reduce ambiguities that may exist in qualitative assessments.

Ultimately, the results obtained from this process led to a deeper analysis and interpretation of the status of green technologies in Iran and assisted in identifying and prioritizing key indicators. This methodology not only helped in collecting valid and reliable data but also allowed us to scientifically and substantively analyze and examine the challenges and opportunities present in the field of green technologies.

This combined and systematic approach enables us to comprehensively address issues related to green technologies and propose effective solutions for sustainable development in Iran. The results obtained from this process indicate that two indicators—environmental investment foundation and output efficiency—have the highest impact on the development of green technologies. These findings clearly indicate that to achieve sustainable development goals, special attention must be paid to these two factors.

Additionally, the proposed strategies in this research include the development of environmental taxes, the provision of financial incentives for investment in renewable energy, and the establishment of appropriate infrastructure to support green technologies. For instance, implementing environmental taxes can help reduce pollution and encourage industries to adopt clean technologies. Moreover, providing financial incentives to investors and companies for the development and utilization of renewable energy can lead to an increase in the share of clean energy in the country’s energy portfolio.

This research emphasizes the importance of integrating green technologies into national economic strategies and suggests that governments should promote these technologies through supportive legislation and funding for research and development (R&D). For example, allocating adequate budgets for research and development in the field of green technologies and fostering international collaborations can expedite the transition towards a green economy.

Finally, this study highlights the necessity of establishing a suitable legal and policy framework to support green technologies. This framework should include laws and regulations that encourage innovation and investment in green technologies while also addressing the preservation of natural resources and the improvement of environmental quality.

Overall, this research serves as a guide for policymakers and decision-makers in the field of sustainable development and green technologies and can be used as a basis for formulating effective strategies in this area. Given the existing environmental challenges and the need for sustainable development, adopting innovative and scientific approaches in this field is essential.

Consequently, this research not only identifies and prioritizes key indicators of green technologies but also provides practical solutions for improving the environmental and economic status of the country and emphasizes the importance of collaboration among various sectors of society in achieving sustainable development goals.