Analyzing the Impacts of Solar Energy Production Plans on Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Hamon and Hirmand Counties

Introduction
Recent droughts in the Sistan region have severely impacted traditional livelihoods, particularly agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry, in the rural areas of Hamon and Hirmand. In response, solar panel projects have been initiated in these underserved villages to replace lost income, produce energy, and promote sustainability. The establishment of solar power plants aims to achieve multiple objectives: ensuring a healthy energy supply, stabilizing populations, and alleviating economic poverty in Hamon and Hirmand. These efforts have transformed some villages into centers of solar electricity production. This research seeks to evaluate the impact of solar panel installations on the stability of rural settlements in Hamon and Hirmand, addressing two primary questions: 1) What is the economic efficiency of the installed solar panels for residents? 2) How do social acceptance and satisfaction levels regarding the solar panels compare among the local population?
 
Methodology
This study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology based on survey research. To address the research questions, both documentary and field methods were utilized. The statistical population consists of 30 villages in Hamon and Hirmand. The analysis unit includes heads of households with solar panels, comprising 180 households from 15 villages in Hamon and 162 households from 15 villages in Hirmand. In total, 342 heads of households were selected as the sample population, surveyed through questionnaires and field observations. Data analysis involved cost-benefit analysis and one-sample T-tests conducted in SPSS.
 
Findings
To answer the first research question, cost-benefit analysis results indicated that the project has generated reasonable income in its initial years, making solar panel installation financially viable. With a projected 20% increase in electricity purchase prices, profits for rural households are expected to rise, as the initial investment in solar panels incurs no ongoing costs. Given the anticipated energy shortages in 2024 and the government's commitment to renewable energy, the outlook for new energy projects appears promising. Guaranteed purchase agreements and price increases could further enhance the economic benefits of these initiatives. Additionally, survey results reflected strong economic efficiency for solar energy projects, with household satisfaction regarding solar panel income ranking highest, followed by optimism about future profitability and overall satisfaction. Regarding the second research question, findings revealed favorable social impacts from solar panel projects, with increasing acceptance trends. The highest average satisfaction was linked to community cooperation in promoting cultural acceptance of solar energy, followed by public acceptance of the solar panel initiative and a sense of responsibility for maintenance. Environmentally, the solar projects have successfully reduced reliance on fossil fuels, conserved water resources, and optimized the use of renewable energy. Activists in Hamon and Hirmand reported a strong belief in renewable technologies, awareness of environmental importance, and recognition of solar energy advantages over fossil fuels.
 
Discussion and Conclusion
The villagers' response to solar panel projects has been overwhelmingly positive, driven by factors such as increased income, improved quality of life, and enhanced energy independence. These projects foster innovation, community engagement, and environmental stewardship. However, challenges remain, particularly from harsh weather conditions in the Sistan region, which can damage solar panels and reduce energy absorption due to dust accumulation. In summary, the implementation of solar energy projects has yielded several positive outcomes, including:

Increased Household Income: Many villagers can now generate their own energy and sell excess electricity, enhancing their financial stability.
Energy Accessibility: Solar panel installations have provided reliable energy sources in rural areas, particularly in Hirmand, where access to sustainable electricity is limited.
Reduced Energy Costs: Households have significantly lowered their electricity expenses through solar energy production.
Environmental Protection: Utilizing renewable energy helps decrease dependence on fossil fuels and mitigates environmental degradation.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship: The renewable energy infrastructure supports the development of new businesses in clean energy and related sectors.
Education and Awareness: Accompanying educational programs have increased villagers' understanding of renewable energy and its optimal use.
Social and Economic Stability: Improved incomes and living conditions have strengthened the social and economic fabric of rural communities, fostered a stable environment and encouraged population retention.