Urban Agricultural Land Revitalization and the Creation of Edible Parks Toward Sustainable Urban Development

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Rapid population growth and environmental degradation pose significant social and ecological challenges for cities worldwide. The global population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, placing increasing pressure on urban systems. Cities are confronting multifaceted challenges, including climate change, social segregation, biodiversity loss, and the absence of healthy, environmentally sustainable food systems. In response, the concept of sustainable urban development has emerged as a holistic framework to address these interconnected issues by integrating environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Sustainable development science emphasizes inclusive participation, engaging non-experts in addressing complex, multidimensional urban problems. One promising strategy is the revitalization of urban agricultural lands through innovative, community-driven approaches. Urban sustainability and growth strategies can thus serve as critical pathways toward resilience, fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration and empowering communities to co-create solutions.
 
Findings
Urban agriculture encompasses the cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock within urban and suburban areas, reinforcing the interdependence between urban and rural systems. It responds to diverse food demands, supports various business models, and carries significant social and environmental implications in terms of costs, benefits, and funding mechanisms. This study considers food production across urban and peri-urban landscapes in all its forms, without categorical distinction.
Nature-based solutions (NbS) represent innovative approaches for sustainable urban transformation. These strategies enhance urban resilience without necessarily altering the physical fabric of cities, instead optimizing existing structures through ecological integration. By expanding urban green initiatives—from small-scale interventions such as green roofs and indoor farming to large-scale green spaces—nature-based projects can transform urban lifestyles and foster sustainable community development.
Edible parks, as a form of nature-based solution, utilize both public and private spaces to build sustainable urban infrastructure and redefine the function of urban open spaces. They promote social interaction, strengthen community bonds, and contribute to the creation of vibrant urban ecosystems. Urban food production often relies on simple, low-tech methods with minimal infrastructure, making it accessible and scalable. Productive green spaces not only enhance food security but also improve environmental quality, stimulate local economies, and provide recreational and aesthetic benefits.
The edible park model directly addresses pressing urban challenges, including climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation, and global food system vulnerabilities. By embedding productive landscapes into the urban fabric, edible parks foster biophilic design principles, creating distinctive, identity-rich environments that reconnect residents with nature. In cities rich with opportunities for ecological restoration, these spaces enable citizens to experience the wonder and regenerative potential of the natural world.
As a key model of urban landscape innovation, edible cities play a vital role in advancing ecological sustainability and reconstructing urban green infrastructure—including the rehabilitation of underutilized or degraded agricultural lands. In cities like Tabriz, where nature-based solutions are gaining momentum, edible parks can generate sustainable employment and income opportunities for local communities. Thoughtful, context-sensitive design of these spaces is essential to maximizing their functional efficiency and enhancing overall urban sustainability.
 
Discussion and Conclusion
Urban agriculture has gained growing public and institutional attention as cities seek resilient, adaptive infrastructure solutions. This domain includes a wide range of practices led by diverse stakeholders—such as community gardens, allotment plots, transition city initiatives, and commercial urban farms. A central challenge today is the reintegration of productive agriculture into urban planning, despite its historical presence in city landscapes. Land-use changes, particularly soil sealing due to urban expansion, have detrimental effects on soil health, hydrological cycles, and biodiversity. In industrialized nations, agricultural land has declined due to competing demands for urban development, industrial zones, infrastructure, and protected natural areas. Edible parks offer a strategic response by enabling food production within city boundaries while preserving existing urban agricultural lands. In doing so, they reinforce the role of green infrastructure as a cornerstone of sustainable urban development.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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