تعهد کشورها بر حق دسترسی به اطلاعات در عصر آنتروپوسن: پیشگیری از سبزشویی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق بین الملل عمومی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق بین الملل عمومی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

چکیده

انتشار اطلاعات اقلیمی و محیط‌زیستی به یکی از ارکان حکمرانی پایدار تبدیل شده است. در این میان، «سبزشویی» به‌عنوان رویکردی ارتباطی و گاه فریبکارانه که در آن دولت‌ها یا شرکت‌ها تصویری اغراق‌آمیز یا نادرست از عملکرد زیست‌محیطی خود ارائه می‌دهند، به چالشی جدی برای سیاست‌گذاری اقلیمی، اعتماد عمومی و حمایت از حقوق مصرف‌کنندگان بدل شده است. گسترش این پدیده اعتبار ادعاهای پایداری را تضعیف کرده و تصمیم‌گیری آگاهانه شهروندان و مصرف‌کنندگان را مختل می‌کند. از این رو، دسترسی آزاد و نظام‌مند به اطلاعات زیست‌محیطی به‌عنوان یکی از پیش‌شرط‌های حکمرانی شفاف و پاسخگو، نقشی اساسی در افشای ادعاهای نادرست و تقویت نظارت اجتماعی دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل نقش دسترسی آزاد به اطلاعات زیست‌محیطی در مهار سبزشویی، بررسی میزان تعهد دولت‌ها و شرکت‌ها به شفافیت داده‌های اقلیمی و ارزیابی ابزارهای حقوقی و نظارتی انجام شده است. این مطالعه با رویکرد توصیفی و با بررسی اسناد و مقررات بین‌المللی، استانداردهای محیط‌زیستی و اصول حقوق مصرف‌کنندگان، رابطه میان شفافیت اطلاعاتی، پاسخگویی نهادی و کاهش رفتارهای گمراه‌کننده زیست‌محیطی را تحلیل می‌کند. بنا به تحلیل صورت گرفته، محدودیت در دسترسی عمومی به داده‌های زیست‌محیطی می‌تواند به تشدید نابرابری‌های اقلیمی و گسترش اطلاعات نادرست در بازارهای سبز منجر شود. در چنین شرایطی، برخی شرکت‌ها با بهره‌گیری از خلأهای نظارتی و ضعف سازوکارهای افشای اطلاعات، بدون کاهش واقعی اثرات زیست‌محیطی، تصویری پایدار از خود ارائه می‌دهند؛ روندی که علاوه بر گمراهی مصرف‌کنندگان، رقابت منصفانه را نیز تضعیف می‌کند. بررسی وضعیت ایران نیز نشان می‌دهد ضعف زیرساخت‌های اطلاعاتی، نبود استانداردهای الزام‌آور گزارش‌دهی اقلیمی و محدود بودن نظارت مستقل، شفافیت داده‌های محیط‌زیستی را با چالش روبه‌رو کرده و زمینه بروز نوعی سبزشویی نهادی را فراهم ساخته است. مقابله با سبزشویی مستلزم تقویت نظام شفافیت اطلاعاتی، گسترش نظارت عمومی و مشارکت جامعه مدنی است. همچنین ایجاد چارچوب‌های حقوقی الزام‌آور برای افشای داده‌های محیط‌زیستی و توسعه سامانه‌های ملی گزارش‌دهی می‌تواند به افزایش پاسخگویی نهادی، ارتقای شفافیت و در نهایت تحقق عدالت اقلیمی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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مطالعات مدیریت توسعه سبز
دوره 5، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 293-314

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 بهمن 1403
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